IMPACT OF SOBI 101.9FM RADIO PROGRAMME “REBIRTH HALF HOUR” IN PROMOTING GOOD GOVERNANCE IN KWARA STATE

BY

OYETORO DANIEL KOREDE
HND/23/MAC/FT/0627

A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF MASS COMMUNICATION, INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, KWARA STATE POLYTHECNIC ILORIN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA (HND) IN MASS
COMMUNICATION

JULY, 2025

CERTIFICATION
This research work has been carefully examined and approved as meeting the requirement of the department of Mass communication, institute of information and communication technology, Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin in partial fulfilment or the award of Higher National Diploma (HND) in Mass Communication.

____________________					_________________
MALLAM IBRAHIM A. A. 						DATE
(Project Supervisor)

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MR. OLUFADI B. A. 							DATE
(Project Coordinator)					

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MR. OLOHUNGBEBE F.T.						DATE
(Head of Department)

DEDICATION
I dedicate this project to Almighty Allah the giver of wisdom for the grace and opportunity to successfully finish this project work.
Also dedicated to my beloved parent MR AND MRS OYETORO who have always supported and encourage me to pursue my academic and career goals. Their Love and guidance have been instrumental in my success and I am honored to dedicate this work to them . 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My first honor goes to Almighty Allah, the creator and the sustainer of the universe for sparing my life to complete my study and protect me against all odds.
I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to my supervisor MR IBRAHIM ABASS for his guidance and support throughout this research project. I also thank him for all the knowledge he imparted in me. May Almighty Allah blessed you abundantly and give you long life, good health and protection (Ameen). Thank you sir.
	I must also not fail to acknowledge my dear parents MR. AND MRS OYETORO who gave me life and who did their best to educate me by putting me in school. May you both live long to reap the fruit of your labour (Ameen). 
 I am also grateful to my colleagues for their feedback and criticism, throughout this programme. Thank you all, am very grateful.
Additionally I also appreciate the financial assistance provided by DE_E ROCK MARITIME RESOURCES and the access to resources and data provided by GOLDEN TRIANGLE NIGERIA LIMITED. Thanks you very much, may your pocket never empty by the grace of Almighty Allah (Ameen).

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0	Background of Study
1.2	 Statement of Problem
1.3 	Objectives of The Study
1.4 	Research Questions
1.5 	Significance of The Study
1.6	Scope of the Study
1.8	 Operational Definitions of Term
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.0 	Introduction
2.1	 Conceptual Review
2.1.1	 History of Radio in Nigeria
2.1.2	Basic Functions of Radio
2.1.3	About Sobi FM
2.1.4 	The Concept of Good Governance
2.1.4.1	 Element of Good Governance
2.1.4.2 Good governance in the media and by the media
2.1.4.3 Good governance for the media
2.1.5	 Impact of radio in good governance
2.2 	Theoretical framework
2.2.1	Uses and Gratification Theory
2.2.2   Agenda Setting Theory
2.3	Empirical Framework
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 	Introduction
3.1 	Research Design
3.2	Population of the Study
3.3	Sample size and Sampling Techniques.
3.4	Research Instrument
3.5	Validity of the Instrument
3.6	Reliability of the Instrument
3.7	Method of Administration of the Instrument.
3.8	Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT
4.0	Introduction
4.1	Demography of the Respondents
4.2	Nexus Between Rebirth Half Hour and Kwara State Government
4.3 Effect of the Radio Programme in Promoting Good Governance in Kwara State
4.4	The Public Perception about the Radio Programme "Rebirth Half hour"
4.5	Discussion of the Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1	Introduction
5.2	Summary of Key Findings
5.3	Conclusion
5.4	Recommendation
5.4.1	Suggestions for Further studies
5.5 	Limitation of the Studies
REFERENCES

ABSTRACT
This study examined impact of Sobi 101.9 FM radio programme “Rebirth Half Hour” in promoting good governance in Kwara state. The study is anchored on Uses and Gratification theory and Agenda settings theory. Multi stage sampling techniques were used to select the sample size of one hundred and fifty. A self administered questionnaires were used as data collection instrument. The study concluded that the residents of the state believes that the programme is not truly performing its duty because of its level of controlled.  The programme is seen to have been promoting only good activities of the state government but this can be concluded to be because of their political resentment on the programme which made them believe the programme can cause chaos in the state. Findings revealed that not all the respondents listens to the radio programme and some of those who listened to it don’t listen often and could also be as a result of political resentments of some respondents in the state, since the programme discussion is only about the achievements and duties of a particular won political party which could lead to the lack of some public participations in the radio programme. The study recommended that the radio programme should carry the listeners and/or concerned parties along in the broadcasting activities so that they can easily make informed contribution to the programme. 

                                                 
CHAPTER ONE
1.0	Background of Study
Radio is one of the mass media used to transmit information from one geographical entity to another. It is said to be the most effective medium amongst other media such as television, newspaper, magazines, internet etc. (Chiamaka, 2018). Radio is regarded as the most effective medium because it transcends the barrier of literacy and it covers a wide geographical region. Thus, radio broadcasts, when skilfully used, have proven to be the most effective medium of communication with the population. (Oyesomi & Okorie, 2015). 
(Chiamaka, 2018) Also opine that Radio promotes economic development, stimulates political participation and arouses national consciousness and unity; It is important for a radio station to be independent, free and responsible to the public so that awareness is created in order for the citizens to know the problems and issues confronting the state and of their possible solutions and consequences. Therefore, Radio programme is a vehicle for promoting an ideology through which it attracts and holds an audience. It is an efficient instrument for getting a message to a large number of people at the same time, because it transcends the boundary of space andtime, and also leaps across illiteracy barriers (Onabajo, 1999; cited in Oguchi, Obafemi and Melody, 2015). 
In modern day governance globally, the issue of Good Governance has assumed the front burner as an indispensable requirement for social, economic and political developments (World Bank, 1989, UNESCO, 2005; Nanda, 2006; Hout, 2007; Gisserlquit, 2012), yet better governance continues to be a source of worry and a big challenge to most countries including Nigeria. Interestingly, Nigerian government in a bid to ensure good governance in the country had in, the 1999 Nigerian constitution in Section 16 (1) a, b, c, and d, and Section 16 (2) entrenched some of the principles of Good Governance as possible criteria for governance in the country. 
Despite these constitutional provisions, as well as the enormous financial resources, and huge potentials of the state, including the social and economic policies that have been implemented by successive administrations, good governance continues to be elusive to Kwara state and that were what brought about the “O to Ge” mantra. The Nigerian constitution in section 22 made provision for such an exercise where it stated inter alia; “The press, radio, television and other agencies of the mass media shall at all times be free to uphold the fundamental objectives contained in this chapter and uphold the responsibility and accountability of the government to the people”. This links the Radio programme “Rebirth Half hour” to the establishment of good governance.
The nexus between radio programme and good governance has been viewed as being influential in unstable developmental tide in the African continent (Okoro, 2013). Media scholars have made concerted effort aimed at examining the role of the radio in the development process which is coordinated by government and its structures. These efforts have led to widely accepted view that good governance is crucial to sustainable development but linkage of good governance to sustainability of such development through radio programme is yet to be fully appreciated (Langmia, 2010; Okoro, 2010).
The radio programme impact in promoting good governance should be clear. In which all aspects of the good governance are facilitated by a strong and independent media scape within a society. The radio programme is like a beacon that should be welcomed when there is nothing to hide and much to improve. Indeed, this is the concrete link between the functioning of the radio programme and good governance; radio programmes allow for ongoing checks and assessments by the population of the activities of government and assist in bringing public concerns and voices into the open by providing a platform for discussion. The citizenry can thereby use the radio programme to express their assent or dissent or explore aspects of issues not considered through programme. 
Good governance is an essential framework which serves as a means of achieving wider goals such as social and political development, alleviation of poverty and protection of the environment. It is about security of life and property, peace and prosperity. Without good governance, social, economic and political progress is difficult to attain and impossible to guarantee. In fact, it is the bedrock of any modern democracy. Promoting good governance is not an easy task as it is much more involving than organizing elections and appointing people into public offices. 
As a watchdog of the society, the radio owes it as a duty to monitor governance closely and hold public office holders accountable to the people who elected them as required by the constitution. Given the appropriate situation, the radio programme are key factors in the overall strategy to promote good governance, rule of law, ensure probity and accountability, wipe out illiteracy and eradicate poverty. It is against this backdrop that this research examines the role of the media in promoting good governance and some of the challenges facing the media in meeting up with this task. This study will explore the nexus between media and governance and how this translates into Good Governance. 
1.2	 Statement of Problem 
The impact of radio programme in promoting good governance cannot be over emphasized. The radio programme acts as check and balances to any government in terms of its reportage of the activities of governance to the people. Despite the activities of the radio programme to ensure good governance in the state, it’s still difficult to put the government into account. Sometimes, the government makes certain efforts to conceal their activities from the radio and may even go as far as removing the enabling environments for the media to flourish. 
It has also been recorded that the radio coverage is limited to some certain local government and this has prevented it from its reportage among the residuals of the state. 
Radio programmes in Kwara state, particularly, has been going through a lot of challenges especially in terms of checkmating the activities of the government. It is assumed that Sobi FM has always been on the verge of reporting and calling to the attention of the state government on some activities that are left undone through one of her Programmes titled “Rebirth Half Hour” but despite all these, the medium is yet to hold into account the government in performing their duties. Given some of the challenges of the radio, one cannot deny their impact it has recorded in promoting good governance in the state. 
This study is meant to examines the impact of Radio Sobi FM radio programme in promoting good governance in Kwara state.
1.3 	Objectives of The Study 
The aim of this study is to examine the radio programmes and good governance in Kwara state. The following objectives will strengthen the study: 
i.	To establish the nexus between Rebirth Half Hour and government of Kwara state. 
ii.	To investigate the effectiveness of the Rebirth Half Hour on good governance in Kwara state 
iii.	To assess the public perceptions on “Rebirth Half Hour”. 
1.4 	Research Questions 
The research will be guided by the following research questions: 
i.	To what extent is the nexus between Rebirth Half Hour and government of Kwara state? 
ii.	How often does “Rebirth Half Hour” have any effect in promoting good governance in Kwara state? 
iii.	What are the public perceptions on “Rebirth Half Hour”? 
1.5 	Significance of The Study 
This study will help to increase the knowledge about Sobi FM Rebirth Half-hour effectives on good governance it social, economic and political development in the state. It will give insights to audience on the role of Rebirth Half-hour in promoting good governance in Kwara state. 
Members of the government officials and the staffs of Sobi FM will also find the findings of this study useful and informative in terms of the perception of Kwara state residuals on the impact in which the radio programme play in good governance of the state. 
Also, students and researchers who may want to carry out future research on similar topics will find this study as useful source materials for their work. Lastly, this research is useful for its contribution to knowledge as it will increase the literatures in media practices. 
1.6	Scope of the Study 
This study focuses on the impact of radio programme in promoting good governance in Kwara state using Sobi FM “Rebirth Half Hour” a radio discussion programme aired every Saturday between 10:30am and 11:00am every morning on Sobi 101.9 FM. The programme is aimed at enlightening the public on topical social-political issues in different sectors of the economy that concerns citizens and residents of the state. It will also focus on assessing what g the objectives of the research by using a relevant theory to back it up. Kwara state has 16 local governments and because it will be difficult to study all these local government areas, however, this research has been narrowed to studying only Ilorin West. The reason for these selected local governments is because the Radio programme only covers these areas. 
It also examines the public perspectives on the effect “Rebirth Half Hour” has on the government of the state. The researcher will be using the case for examining the data collection. The study will not go beyond the objectives stated above. 
1.8	 Operational Definitions of Term 
1.	Radio: Radio is an audio device of passing messages to a large audience. Radio involves the process by which messages are sent through electrical waves. In other words, the sound could be sent and received through these waves. The word Radio is defined as the process of sending and receiving messages through the air, using electromagnetic waves.
2.	Radio Programme: is a segment of content intended for broadcast on radio. It may be a one-time production or part of a periodically recurring series. A single program in a series is called an episode. 
3.	Good Governance: The process of decision-making and are implemented. It is participatory, consensus oriented, accountable, transparent, responsive, effective and efficient, equitable and inclusive and follows the rule of law. 
4.	Impact: 'The actions of one object coming forcibly into contact with another' and 'a marked effect or influence'. 
5.	Promoting: Advance, promote, forward, further mean to help (someone or something) to move ahead. Advance stresses effective assisting in hastening a process or bringing about a desired end. Advance the cause of peace promotes suggests an encouraging or fostering and may denote an increase in status or rank. 

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.0 	Introduction 
This chapter will use to look into the related literature of the study and will be consisting of the conceptual review, empirical review and theoretical framework. 
2.1	 Conceptual Review 
2.1.1	 History of Radio in Nigeria 
The Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria was founded in 1933 by the British colonial government. Named the Radio Diffusion Service (RDS), it allowed the public to hear the British Broadcasting Corporation's foreign radio service broadcasts in certain public locations over loudspeakers. In April 1950, the RDS became the Nigerian Broadcasting Service and introduced radio stations in Lagos, Kaduna, Enugu, Ibadan, and Kano. This service was reorganized into the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) on April 1, 1957, by act of parliament. Its mission was to "provide, as a public service, independent and impartial broadcasting services". By 1962 the NBC had expanded its broadcast stations into Sokoto, Maiduguri, Ilorin, Zaria, Jos, and Katsina in the north; Port Harcourt, Calabar, and Onitsha in the East; and Abeokuta, Warri, and Ijebu-Ode in the West. Each of these stations was considered a subsidiary station of a regional station. The subsidiary stations broadcast local interest programs during part of the day, and then relayed programming from their regional station during the rest of the broadcast day. National programs were broadcast from two shortwave transmitters and one medium wave transmitter located in Sogunle, near Lagos state. Adejumobi (1974).
As a support to Udomisor’s view, Agba in Agba (2012) opines that radio broadcasting in Nigeria began in 1932, when the British colonial government established a Rediffusion Center in Lagos, for the reception and rebroadcasting of the British Broadcasting Corporation’s programmes. Onabanjo (2000) explains further by stressing that “the objectives of this innovation by the BBC were to: 
•	Develop links between Great Britain and English speaking people, throughout the world; 
•	Propagate the British way of life, particularly in the empire and; 
•	Keep British citizens out of Britain informed about happenings back home. 
There are more than 300 radio stations in Nigeria today with some States having multiple radio stations. Lagos, Oyo, Kaduna, Abuja and Anambra tops the list with 33, 23, 19, 17, and 16 radio stations respectively. Most of these radio stations are owned by private individuals while a greater number of them are owned by the government. Nigeria infopedia Report (2021).

2.1.2	Basic Functions of Radio
News and Information 
It is the responsibility of the press to report timely events has its happening to the public. Timeliness and factuality is one of the major criteria that make a radio station unique and standardized. Aziz(2012)
Education
Radio has been used severally to educate the public on societal cause, values, norms and health related issues. Public are educated on positive and negative effects of their actions. In general education, function of the radio broadcast are categorized in two groups. Formal education, education at school and informal education, adult education/ common education. Aziz(2012).
Advertisement 
The function of promoting good service is particularly important for radio stations that were founded for commercial purposes. In consideration of the fact that private radios pursue the aim of generating profits, advertisement revenues represent the solw income source of private radios. However, indirect adverts are made through indirect promotional statements used in the programs even in the stations that do not give place to advertising. Aziz(2013).

 Entertainment
One of the most popular functions of radio is entertainment. As a matter of fact, a higher percentage of audience prefers entertainment to information. Those in this category include students, youths, teenagers, sports lovers. Except for very serious-minded individuals who tune to radio for information, quite a number of people consume media products during their leisure time, and as such radio becomes a tool of enjoyment and entertainment. (MEB, 2007)
2.1.3	About Sobi FM 
Sobi 101.9 FM is one of the private-owned broadcast media in Ilorin, the Kwara State capital. The station broadcasts on Frequency Modulation, (FM) Meter Band. It is an indigenous radio station. It transmits to the populace on one-zero-one dot nine (101.9) frequency modulation. The Broadcasting House of the station located at Walisum house, Sobi Hill, off Shao road, Ilorin, Kwara state of Nigeria. It was established on the 10th of July 2017 with its ownership and management, purely Nigerian affairs
Coverage Capacity 
Sobi FM broadcast to over three million listeners, on a 24-hour, daily basis. This is because of their broadcasting mast which is 390 meters above sea level whiich helps in dissipating their signals, far and wide to about five neighbouring states.

In-depth 
Sobi 101.9 FM Ilorin, operates within the confines of the operational guidelines and ethical regulations as entrenched by relevant monitoring and supervising agencies. The station hinges its services on protecting and projecting indigenous values. It serves as a link between the government and the governed through effective tracking of the performances of government towards addressing the aspirations of the masses. Similarly, the station performs other relevant social responsibility services, like promoting good governance and equitable distribution of dividends of democracy. Above all, Sobi 101.9 FM encourages inter-cultural, inter-religious and exchange of useful ideas to accelerate socio- economic lives of the people of Ilorin and its environments. Political affiliation of the proprietor of Sobi FM has several times question its objectivity in political reporting and analysing, most especially during 2019 general election. However, the station claimed that it always mindful of ownership and control, without compromising its social responsibility to its numerous audiences. 
About the Programme “REBIRTH HALF HOUR”
“Rebirth Half Hour” is an air programme on Sobi 101.9 FM every Saturday morning and it has been initiated for over a year. It is a 30 minutes’ discussion programme anchored by Mr. Kanayo as the presenter and Mr. Akogun as the producer, between 10:30am and 11:00am daily. Rebirth half hour is an educative and informative programme that reports topical social-political issues in different sector of the economy that concerns citizens and residents of the state. The presenter allows the listeners to callin through phone call and asks questions or contributes to the topical issues of the day that was presented. It sensitizes the general public the situation of roads in their environment whether it’s free for passage or blocked. Many drivers and motorist has benefitted immensely from the programme because it has helps them make decision that helps their journey faster and easier. Many listeners have been able to bypass traffic and reach their destination faster due to information gotten on the programme. The programme also encourages safe driving among riders and drivers. It also sensitizes the public about community health insurance scheme and how they can benefit from it, Informs the government about major bad roads in the state so that they can fix it thereby serving the electorates better who voted them in power. “Rebirth half hour” is a programme that stands in the gap between the government of the day and the general public by reporting about social deficiencies such as provision of roads, electricity, pipe borne water etc. Also, it reports about various developmental programmes going on in the state and functions as a medium of cultural integration by promoting cultural values through their programmes. These and many more helps the residents to make a good choice during election into various political offices in the state.
2.1.4 	The Concept of Good Governance 
Good Governance the African Development Bank (AfDB) policy paper, defines governance as a process referring to the way in which power is exercised in the management affairs of a nation. In the 1992 World Bank report entitled Governance and Development, the term good governance is defined as the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country ‘s economic and social resources for development. In the 1995 The Asian Development Bank (AsDB), policy paper called Governance: Sound Development Management, the AsDB defined good governance as the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country ‘s economic and social resources for development (Swapan, 2009). Good governance can simply mean the effectiveness with which a government performs its work and promotes the public good. The public good is largely defined as enforcement of law and order, revenue collection, allocation of resources to meet specific demands, provision of infrastructure and promotion of human rights. Although democracy enhances good governance, the latter is not necessarily equivalent to democracy (Oketch, 2010). 
Good Governance is such a system which is practiced in economics, politics, and through the use of social resources. And it is such a work process in state management that civil society can express the opinion regarding the issues of concerning interest, legal rights, and differences of opinion and can participate in every issue of state. That means there exists less opportunity of effective participation of people in the existing governing system but in a good governance system, there exists manifold opportunities for the participation of people (Amada, 2014). 
It gives precedence to greater involvement of the private sector and civil society in running the State, and therefore invites a rethinking both of how to govern and of the relationship between the State and society. The participation of as many citizens as possible in reaching, carrying out and monitoring decisions is an essential pillar of governance. This form of active citizenship has the advantage of making good the legitimacy gap affecting the traditional political elites and leads to participatory democracy. For citizens to be able to participate fully and effectively in decisions concerning their welfare, they must be informed and organized. This presupposes universal free access to basic education, freedom of association and expression, and the existence of an organized civil society (Dunu, 2013). This presupposes that access to information is free for those affected by the decisions and their implementation. Establishing and practicing good governance is conducive to a better human security climate in which people are less vulnerable to hunger, sickness, illiteracy, disasters, anarchy and violent conflict (Jens, 2010). 
Looking at various literatures on the Good Governance concept, we could identify three strands of argument: 1. Proponents of the Good Governance agenda that sees it as a worthy goal and a means through which to impact economic growth and development. Their argument is aptly captured in this long quotation: In poorly governed countries, it is argued, corrupt bureaucrats and politicians baldly hinder development efforts by stealing aid contributions or misdirecting them into unproductive activities. 
 It is unrealistically long and not attuned to issues of sequencing and historical developments (Grindle, 2004; Booths, 2011) c) Good Governance ignores institutional variations across well governed states (Pitchett, 2004, Andrews, 2008). The third stream of research raises questions about the causal effect of the quality of governance on various outcomes especially economic growth (Kurtz & Schrank, 2007a, 2007b; Khan, 2009). It is instructive to point out that current body of literature (Gerring 2001; Goertz,2005; Keefer,2009; Shirley,2010; Gisselquirt,201) have argued that good governance is a poorly defined concept and that future research should rather focus on the disaggregated components of good governance. This in part informs the structure of the discourse of this work. A critical consideration of the conceived differences surrounding the concept goes to point out the increased significance attached to the concept in recent times and also underscores the utility of the good governance components in development index across the nations and in the aggregate wellbeing of democratic governance of a country. 

2.1.4.1	 Element of Good Governance 
Participation 
Participation as an element of Good Governance implies the wide involvement of ordinary citizens in decision making and governance. According to UNESCO (2005) document, participation is a crucial element for Good Governance in two ways: Participation by citizens in decision making process allows greater transparency and can help ensure that political decisions are adapted to the needs of the people and affected by them. Second, participation is important for democratic legitimacy, which depends on the investment people have as citizens in their own governing. Citizen participation in the act of governance is engendered by the media and other intermediate institutions. 
Rule of law 
The rule of law is the foundation of Good Governance. Good governance requires fair legal frameworks that are enforced impartially. The rule of law can be understood both as a set of practices which allow the law to perform a mediating role between various stake holders in society and as a normative standard invoked by members of society that demonstrate their assent to this principle (UNESCO, 2005). Indeed, the obvious demonstration of absence of Good Governance is the presence of arbitrariness and disregard for the rule of law. The rule of law is best seen as an ideal where impartial enforcement of laws is enthroned in every sector of the society. 
Transparency 
Transparency is often regarded as the openness of institutions, that is, the degree to wish outsiders can monitor and evaluate the actions of insiders. The purpose of transparency is to allow citizens, to hold institutions, governments and markets accountable for their policies and performances. Transparency is also defined as official business conducted in such a way that substantive and procedural information is available to and broadly understandable by, people and groups in society, subject to reasonable limits protecting security and privacy (Bellver & Kaufmann, 2005).
. Responsiveness 
Good governance requires that institutions and processes try to serve all stakeholders within a reasonable timeframe, by responding to the grievances, needs and aspirations of the citizens. (UNESCO,2005)
. Equity 
Equity is another feature of good governance. It is the principle requiring that no member of the community feels left out and that all groups, particularly the most vulnerable, are given the possibility of improving their lot. (UNESCO, 2005).
2.1.4.2 Good governance in the media and by the media 
 The question of whether or not the media can promote Good Governance depends on the media themselves. UNESCO (2005) publication on Media and Good Governance clearly reveals what the media should be, and should have, in order to perform their duty effectively. According to the UNESCO document the preconditions for the media to effectively contribute to Good Governance depend on these three elements: media freedom, independence and pluralism. Interestingly, the Center for Development Communication (2006) document echoed similar argument this way: To contribute to good governance, media should be editorially independent, free from any pressure and external interferences, and reflect the plurality of opinions and perceptions in order to truly help citizens to be informed, understand the issues at stake, make up their minds, and finally, judge events by themselves. The media must fundamentally be free from any kind of influence, particularly political, ownership, commercial or governmental control. 
To effectively contribute to Good Governance, the media themselves must be credible example of Good Governance concept. First the media should uphold professional ethical rules set up through self -regulation, and constantly enhance professionalism, be accountable to the public in the way it informs, educates and entertains. In sum the media should recognize that they are accountable for their actions to the public, their profession and themselves (James, 2014). According to SCG (2006), the media must fight the 3Cs: corruption, collusion and cronyism. They must promote human rights, uphold the rule of law and keep the citizens constantly informed. What is obviously advocated here is that the media should shun unprofessional acts capable of jeopardizing the media in any way, and embrace professionalism at all cost. However, the issue of professionalism continues to remain a critical area of challenge in relation to the contentions surrounding the journalism practice as a profession (Adaja, 2012). 
2.1.4.3 Good governance for the media 
For the media to function effectively they must enhance the creation and maintenance of a favorable legal environment or regulatory framework, which guarantees media freedom, independence and pluralism. However, we need to also point out that it is important for the country to as well provide an enabling environment for the media to investigate. That is an environment that is free from intimidation; detrimental media laws such as criminal, defamation laws etc (Dunu, 2013). The media practitioners have responsibility to the audience, to their profession and to the country. There are two ways in fulfilling these obligations - professionalism and ethical conduct, in gathering and analysing information. In addition, there is also the need for infrastructure and organizational capacity and an adequate investigative capacity, without which the media would find it hard to satisfactorily accomplish the promotion of good governance (James, 2014). 
2.1.5	 Impact of radio in good governance 
Global media have become powerful tools to control people and have been grown as a profit sector where people ‘s voices are marginalized and neglected. The nature of communication is changing the way people relate. Controlled media dominate the world where common people have least of the access to take part in decision-making process expressing their views and opinion and are also left out of the development process. The influence of government over media also impedes the way of work that ultimately blocks the freedom of people ‘s choices for expressing their ideas and views. But in an equitable society, people ‘s participation in the development process is considered as a major factor especially where radio is involved (UNESCO handbook on community radio 2010). radio can serve as a prior agenda and social cognitive that help building up participatory practice in the society, which leads to people ‘s governance. It should facilitate people ‘s access and promote their participation in local level decision-making process of a campaign in a free dug society, which ultimately results in participatory governance in the society. It should serve as the promoter of participatory, accountable and transparent system in a society and it should also create enormous opportunities for growth and poverty reduction (UNESCO, Communication for Development, 2008). 
2.2 	Theoretical framework 
2.2.1	Uses and Gratification Theory 
Uses and Gratification Theory is one of foremost theories of mass communication. It is a theory that states that the more individual, group and society at large depends on media of communication, the more it influences their life and the more they will depend on it. The theory assumes that individuals have power over their media usage; that is, individuals are not passive consumers of media. This is contradiction to magic bullet theory which states that people are passive consumer of media messages. The theory discusses the effects of the media on the listeners. Uses and gratification was first introduced in the 1940s as scholars began to study why people choose to consume various forms of media. Uses and Gratifications theory as developed by Bulmer and Katz suggests that media users play an active role in choosing and using the media contents (Bulmer and Katz, 1940).
 Criticisms of Uses and Gratification Theory 
The theory has been severally criticized both on its theory and methodology. McQuail (1994) commented that the approach has not provided much successful prediction or causal explanation of media choice and use. Since it is true that much media use is circumstantial and weakly motivated, the approach seems to work best in examining specific types of media where motivation might be presented (McQuail, 1994). 
The theory does not show media as important. The theory does not believe in the power of the media and how media can influence human needs and gratification unconsciously (Shraddha, 2018). The theory ignores the use of media in social structures and audience might not always be active..

2.2.2   Agenda Setting Theory
Maxwell McCombs and Donald L. Shaw proposed this theory in 1972/1973. The major assumption of the theory is that the media set agenda for the public to follow. The theory holds that most of the pictures we store in our heads, most of the things we think or worry about, most of the issues we discuss, are based on what we have read, listened to or watched in different mass media. The media make us to think about certain issues, they make us to think or feel that certain issues are more important than others in our society (Asemah, 2011). Wimmer and Dominick (2006) observe that the theory on agenda setting by the media proposes that the public agenda or what kinds of things people discuss, think and worry about is powerfully shaped and directed by what the media choose to publicize. This means that if the news media choose to give the most time and space to corruption, it will become the most important item on the audiences’ minds. The implication of the theory is that the media can focus on the issue of corruption in Nigeria, and the people will pay attention to it, since most of the things that members of the society worry about are the issues raised by the media.
2.3	Empirical Framework 
Khazaeli and Stockemer (2013) evaluate the impact of Internet use on governance quality through analysis of Internet penetration rates in more than 170 countries and find that Internet penetration has a positive influence on governance practices regardless of regimetypes. The authors suggest authoritarian countries are likely to censor dissenting information online, but such practices will become increasingly difficult to maintain over time due to the development of anti-filter tools (Khazaeli & Stockemer, 2013). Hassid and Brass (2014) investigate the role of media in government responsiveness to scandal as one aspect of governance in Kenya and China. Contrary to expectation, authoritarian China is more responsive to public pressure addressing scandals than democratic Kenya, which indicates democracy and free media are important for government responsiveness to scandal, but free usually is necessary but not sufficient (Hassid & Brass, 2014). More studies are needed to explore governance from the field of communication studies. 
In a research conducted by Ndirangu (2014) on “the contribution of community radio in promoting good governance through public participation in murang’a county: a case study of kangema ranet FM” states that achieving good governance requires the understanding and participation of every member of the society. However, it has been observed that for governance to be just and democratic, leaders more than any other sector of the society need to use their power responsibly and for the greater good. Systems and procedures need to be in place that impose restraints on power and encourage government officials to act in the public ‘s best interests. The media, their roles, channels and contents, are considered powerful enough to make this achievement a reality (UNESCO, Good Governance, 2005)
Ndirangu (2014) also said that the Kenyan media have been in the vanguard in promotion and sustenance of the democracy we now have in the country. The struggle for independence was also pioneered and fought for by the media. But a great number of existing media channels in the country need to take up the responsibility of adequately engendering better governance in our democratic polity. As the institution mandated to hold those in governance accountable, the media can effectively achieve this if they apply the basic principles of patriotism, accountability, transparency and objectivity in the discharge of their duties as well as to uphold the sanctity of truth and fairness at all times. In effect, for the media to contribute to good governance, the media must embrace the principles of good governance themselves as a critical precondition for effectiveness in discharging their functions to the society. The watchdogs must watch themselves (Dunu, 2013). Community radio has proved to be one of the best media of communication and agenda setting at the grass-root level (UNESCO, Good Governance, 2005). 
Also, Ezekiel and Peter (2014) assessed the use of radio and other means of information dissemination among the residents of Ado-Ekiti. It is a survey research employing descriptive research design of the survey type, the instrument used to collect data was questionnaire. The sampled population was one hundred and twenty residents of AdoEkiti (120) were selected to participate in the study using simple random sampling technique while the collected data was analysed using tables, bar chart, simple percentage and frequency count, mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed that radio is the most important instrument in information dissemination because it reaches larger percentage of the people irrespective of their location; it promotes the level of awareness of the people on socio-political and economic issues and it also enable people to be adequately informed about programmes and activities of the government. The cost of accessing information through radio, television and use of mobile phone were not expensive as shown by the study while that of internet, satellite and cable television were expensive. Radio was mostly used to access information followed by mobile phone, television, newspaper, social network, satellite and cable television followed by the internet. The three major problems facing the residents of Ado-Ekiti in accessing information were poor television signals, high cost of purchase, installation and subscription of satellite television and many cannot afford the cost of internet connectivity. It was concluded that more need to be done to improve accords of the residence of Ado- Ekiti to information most especially the internet and cable television. The study proved the usefulness of radio to the listeners using radio messages to make decision and plan their affairs. Challenges that could reckless other medium of mass communication importance compare to radio importance are internet problem, bad signal for the reception of satellite television, cost of running print media, etc. Another important usefulness of radio is its ability to break language barriers. Many radio listeners are illiterates, even literate among them prefer radio programme broadcast in local dialect compare to that of foreign language (Maina, 2013). 
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 	Introduction
This chapter is an overview of the methodology that will be used in the study. Methodology is important in research since it is the evidence of how the research was conducted. While discussing the methodology, research design, area of study, population of study, sampling techniques and methods of data gathering and analysing will be discussed in this chapter.
3.1 	Research Design
This study will adopt the descriptive survey methodology. The survey is a research technique which investigates, examines, assesses or evaluates the issues that constitute a research problem. Research design on the other hand, according to Osuala (2007), is “the process of arriving at dependable solutions to problems through the planned and systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of data.
However, as the name implies, a descriptive survey aims to describe a trend, condition or attitude. This means that what a descriptive survey sets out to study is mainly something contemporary that is, it seeks to explain something that exists at the moment. The underlying factor in a descriptive survey is that it is based on contemporary issues or occurrence (Nsikan and Uwem, 2014). 
The use of survey research design is relevant in this research work because the methodology is suitable for the questioning of the researcher’s sample size and will be able to provide the relevant information that will help the researcher to draw conclusions from the proposed sample population.
3.2	Population of the Study
Adeagbo (2011) says population is a set of all possible cases of interest on a research report. In most cases it is the group to which the researcher plans to generalize his research. Population of the study refers to the total number of the people involved in the study. 
The study focuses on Impact of Radio programme in Promoting good governance in Kwara state and due to the coverage capacity of this radio station, the researchers will only be covering one local government out of the three local government in Ilorin metropolis. Data obtained from Nigeria Population Commission (NPC) and Kwara Bureau of Statistic Population (2016) the population of Ilorin is 873000. This study only focuses on Ilorin West local government are with the total population of 493000 ( NPC 2016 estimated )
3.3	Sample size and Sampling Techniques.
(Kerlinger, 2007) Sampling is taking any portion of a population or universe as representative of that population or universe. (Osuola, 2001) Sampling is the process of selecting units from a population of interest so that by studying the sample which may fairly generate results of the population from which they were chosen. 
In the case of this study, the group which is Ilorin is wide and there is need to make it smaller group so that an accurate conclusion that can be generalized onto the larger group can be drawn. Therefore, to select the representative sample the researcher adopted multistage Sampling technique. (Tejumaye 2003) Multistage sampling is the process of Sampling in stages. At the first stage, a list of all the Local Government  Area in Kwara State was retrieved from the Kwara State Government Web website, and there are sixteen local government area in Ilorin metropolis Which are: Asa, Baruteen, Edu, Ekiti, Ifelodun, Ilorin west, Ilorin East and Ilorin South, Irepodun, Isin, Kaiama, Moro, Oke-Ero, Offa, Oyun and Patigi. Simple random technique ( ballot method ) was use to select one local government area which was Ilorin west local government.
In the second stage of the selection a list of all the wards  in  Ilorin west  local government was obtained from the Kwarastate.gov.ng. There are 12 wards in Ilorin west local government area which are: Adewole, Ajikobi, Baboko, Badari, Alanamu, Balogun Alanamu central, Magaji Ngeri, Ogidi, Ojuekun/ zarumi,  Oke-Erin, Oloje, Ubandawaki, wara/egba/Jila. simple random Sampling technique ( ballot method) was use to select one ward  from Ilorin west local government area which is Baboko.
Stage three, the total population of Baboko was obtain from the National Bureau of Statistic, 2016: Kareem 2017. According to the information obtained from the National Bureau of Statistic 2016, the projected population of Baboko ward is fifteen thousands (15000) in the ward. 
At the fourth stage of the sampling, systematic sampling was used to select 1% of the respondents from the ward which is Baboko, Ilorin West local government.
Therefore, 1% of the total population of Baboko is estimated as below;
.·. 1/100×15000/1
       =150 respondents.
Thus, the sample size for this study is 150 respondents.
3.4	Research Instrument
The main data collection instrument for this research work is questionnaire. Questionnaire was structured and designed in a way that afforded the respondents to answer the research questions appropriately and with all sense of belonging. The questionnaire comprised two parts or sections. “Section A” was embedded with respondent’s bio data in order to elicit responses on demographic details while “Section B” was concerned with questions relating to the research questions.
3.5	Validity of the Instrument
Herdy and Bryman (2004) view validity as "being concerned with the issue of whether a variable really measures what it is supposed to measure". Asemah, Gujbawa. Ekhererfo and Opanchi (2012) in their own words describe validity as the accuracy and truthfulness of measurement, this presupposes that the items in the questionnaire be vigorously examined to ensure their correspondence with the theoretical literature on consumption. Therefore, this means that after administering the instrument, the researcher examined the degrees to which the responses of the respondents are identical for the set of data to ensure validity of the research instrument. In order to ascertain validity of the instruments, a pilot test was conducted on 10 respondents in Adewole ward. The administered copies of the questionnaires were retrieved and analysed. The results Indicated that the research questions were valid and all well comprehended
3.6	Reliability of the Instrument
Reliability on the other hand, look at the consist encyon variable."I favorable externally reliable it does not fluctuate over time, in other words, it is stable. (Hardy& Bryman, 2004,) the questionnaire was confirmed consistent after the pilot study exercise using the esthetes method. The instruments was re- administered on 5 respondents in Ajikobi and there sluts showed that the in strum antis reliable.

3.7	Method of Administration of the Instrument.
The administration of the questionnaire was carried out personally by the researcher, the questionnaire was sought permission of the lecturers and administration of the questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions which help the researcher to get the right option or view of the subject or respondents. The researcher personally collected the questionnaire immediately the respondents were through with the questions.
 3.8	Data Analysis
Data analysis of the research work is regarded as one of the most crucial state where the responses were show cased. The technique for analysing the data collection for this research work was a simple statistic with the use of frequency and percentage because it allows the simplicity and conformity with social science research. However, the analysis was what the researchers used to eventually up a conclusion on the " impact of radio programmes in promoting good governance in kwara state".

CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT
4.0	Introduction
This chapter presented and discussed data gathered for the study. Three research objectives were formulated for this study. The data for the research objectives were presented using percentage and frequency tables. A total of one hundred and fifty (150) copies of questionnaires which contain 17 items were distributed. All the 150 copies of questionnaires representing 100% were chanced to be retrieved from the respondents for analysis. Data gathered from the field for this study were analysed using simple descriptive statistical tools according to variables, frequency and percentage.
4.1	Demography of the Respondents
Table 4.1: Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents.
AGE	FREQUENCY 	PERCENTAGE %	
16-25	60	40	
26-35	38	25.3	
36-45	39	26	
46- above	13	8.7	
TOTAL 	150	100	
			
SEX	FREQUENCY 	PERCENTAGE %	
Male	72	48	
Female 	78	52	
TOTAL 	150	100	
			
OCCUPATION	FREQUENCY 	PERCENTAGE %	
Civil servant 	48	32	
Student 	61	40.7	
Trade	31	20.7	
Others 	10	6.7	
TOTAL 	150	100	
			
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND 	FREQUENCY 	PERCENTAGE %	
SSCE	31	20.7	
OND/ DIPLOMA 	62	41.3	
HND/ BSC 	41	27.3	
Others 	16	10.7	
TOTAL 	150	100	

Table 4.1 shows that 60 (40%) were between the age of 16-25 years, 38(25.3%) were between 26-35, 39(26%) were between 36-45 while 13(8.7%) were between 46 and above years of age. This implies that majority of the respondents were between 16-25 years old. The table also revealed that 72(48%) of the respondents were male while 78(52%) were female. This implies that female participated in this study than male. The table also disclosed that 48(32%) of the respondents were civil servants, 61(40.7%) were students, 31(20.7%) were traders while 10(6.7%) engaged in other occupation. This implies that majority of the respondents were students. The table further shows that 31(20.7%) of the respondents were Senior School Certificate (SSCE) holder, 62(41.3%) were OND/DIPLOMA holder, 41(27.3%) were HND/BSC holder while 16(10.7%) possess other educational background. This implies that the OND/ DIPLOMA holder participated most in the study.
4.2	Nexus Between Rebirth Half Hour and Kwara State Government 
Table 4.2
                                       DO YOU LISTEN TO SOBI 101.9 FM	
OPTION 	FREQUENCY 	PERCENTAGE %	
Yes	121	80.7	
No	29	19.3	
TOTAL	150	100	
			
                              HOW OFTEN DO YOU LISTEN TO SOBI 101.9FM	
OPTION 	FREQUENCY 	PERCENTAGE%	
Always 	83	55.3	
Rarely	38	25.3	
Sometimes 	22	14.7	
Not at all	7	4.7	
TOTAL	150	100	
			
     ARE YOU FAMILIAR WITH SOBI FM REBIRTH HALF HOUR PROGRAM 	
OPTION 	FREQUENCY 	PERCENTAGE %	
Yes	126	84	
No	24	16	
TOTAL	150	100	
			
HOW OFTEN DO YOU LISTEN TO THE RADIO PROGRAMME (REBIRTH HALF HOUR)	
OPTION 	FREQUENCY 	PERCENTAGE %	
Always 	93	62	
Rarely 	26	17.3	
Sometimes 	21	14	
Not at all	8	5.3	
TOTAL 	150	100	
			
WHEN HAVE YOU BEEN LISTENING TO THE RADIO PROGRAMME (REBIRTH HALF HOUR)	
OPTION 	FREQUENCY 	PERCENTAGE %	
Few weeks 	43	28.7	
Few months 	13	8.7	
Almost a year 	55	36.7	
More than a year 	39	26	
TOTAL	150	100	
			
IS THE RADIO PROGRAMME (REBIRTH HALF HOUR) BEING CONTROL BY THE GOVERNMENT 	
OPTION 	FREQUENCY 	PERCENTAGE %	
Yes	90	60	
No	60	40	
Total 	150	100	

Table 4.2 shows that 121(80.3%) of the respondents listen to SOBI 101.9 FM while 29(19.3%) did not listen to the radio station. This implies that majority of the respondents listen to SOBI FM. The table also shows that 83(55.3%) always listen to SOBI FM, 38(25.3%) rarely listen to it, 22(14.7%) sometimes listen to SOBI FM while 7(4.7%) did not listen to SOBI 101.9 FM at all. The table shows that 126(84%) of the respondents were familiar with the Sobi FM (Rebirth Half Hour) Programme while 24(16%) of the respondents were not. This implies that majority of the respondents were familiar with the Programme. The table also revealed that 93(62%) of the respondents always listen to the Rebirth Half Hour Programme, 26(17.3%) rarely listen to the Programme, 21(14%) sometimes listen to Rebirth Half Hour while 8(5.3%) of the respondents did not listen to the radio programme at all. This implies that majority of the people Always listen to radio programme. The table also disclosed that 43(28.7%) of the respondents have been listening to the radio programme for few weeks, 13(8.7%) have been listening for few months, 55(36.7%) have been listening for almost a year while 39(26%) have been listening to the radio programme for more than a year. This implies that majority of the respondents have been listening to the radio programme for almost a year. The table lastly shows that 90(60%) of the respondents agreed that the radio programme is being controlled by the government while 60(40%) disagree with the statement. This implies that the majority of the respondents agree that the radio programme ( Rebirth Half Hour) is being controlled by the government.
4.3 Effect of the Radio Programme in Promoting Good Governance in Kwara State
Table 4.3
STATEMENT	A 	SA	D	SD	TOTAL	
 The program helps to enhance people’s participation in accelerating the work of the government in the state.	83
55.3%	56
37.3%	5
3.7%	4
2.7%	150
100%	
The program helps to create awareness in the community regarding things to be done in drawing up government’s budget and lengthy planning.	65
43.3%	71
47.3%	10
6.7%	4
2.7%	150
100%	
The program helps to scrutinize the budget of the state government in other to ensure transparency and accountability.	58
38.7%	63
42%	22
14.7%	7
4.7%	150
100%	
 The program give room for questions and answers between the state government and people of the state.	59
39.3%	70
46.7%	17
11.3%	4
2.7%	150
100%	

Table 4.3 shows that 83(55.3%) of the respondents agreed that the  program helps to enhance people’s participation in accelerating the work of the government in the state, 56(37.3%) strongly agreed, 5(3.3%) disagreed while 4(2.7%) strongly disagreed with the statement. The table also shows that 65(43.3%) of the respondents agreed that the program helps to create awareness in the community regarding things to be done in drawing up government’s budget and lengthy planning, 71(47.3%) strongly agreed, 10(6.7%) disagreed while 4(2.7%) Strongly disagreed with the statement. The table revealed that 58(38.7%) of the respondents agreed that the program helps to scrutinize the budget of the state government in other to ensure transparency and accountabilit, 63(42%) strongly agreed, 22(14.7%) disagreed while 7(4.7%) strongly disagreed. The table lastly shows that 59(39.3%) of the respondents agreed that the program give room for questions and answers between the state government and people of the state, 70(46.7%) strongly agreed, 17(11.3) disagreed while 4(2.7%) strongly disagreed with the statement. These imply that Sobi 101.9 FM radio programme "Rebirth Half Hour" has positive effects in promoting good governance in Kwara State 
4.4	The Public Perception about the Radio Programme "Rebirth Half hour" 
This aspect will discuss the perception of the public about the Programme "Rebirth Half Hour" which is items 15-17
Table 4.4
STATEMENTS 	A	SA	D	SD	TOTAL	
I see the programme “Rebirth Half-Hour” as a tool for propaganda	40
26.7%	52
34.7%	46
30.7%	12
8%	150
100%	
 The programme “Rebirth Half-Hour” brought about uproar in the state. 	30
20%	36
24%	57
38%	27
18%	150
100%	
The programme " Rebirth Half Hour" only support the government officials and not the people.	34
22.7%	28
18.7%	48
32%	40
26.7%	150
100%	

The table 4.4 shows that 40(26.7%) of the respondents agreed that they see the programme “Rebirth Half-Hour” as a tool for propaganda, 52(34.7%) strongly agreed, 46(30.7%) disagreed while 12(8%) strongly disagreed with the statement. This implies that majority of the respondents see the Programme as a tools for propaganda. The table also shows that 30(20%) of the respondents agreed that the program brought about uproar in the state, 36(24%) strongly agreed, 57(38%) disagreed while 27(18%) strongly disagreed with the statement. This implies that majority of the respondents disagreed that the Programme Rebirth Half Hour brought about uproar in the state. The table lastly revealed that 34(22.7%) of the respondents agreed that the "Rebirth Half Hour" only support the government officials and not the people, 28(18.7%) strongly agreed, 48(32%) disagreed while 40(26.7%) strongly disagreed to the statement. This implies that majority of the respondents disagreed that the program only support the government officials and not the people of the state.
4.5	Discussion of the Findings
The first research question sought to know the relationship between Rebirth Half Hour and Kwara State government which was measured using a section in the questionnaire. As shown in table 4.2 findings indicate that majority of 90(60%) of the Sobi FM radio listeners believes that it is the state government that controls the information in the radio programme. This is because it was found that 93(62%) of the respondents listen to it always while 27(17.3%) listen rarely and 126(84%) of them are familiar with the Programme because 55(36.7%) have been listening to the Programme for almost a year now. These bits of findings clearly indicate that the program is being controlled by the government and moreover, the demographic qualifications of the respondents strictly signify authenticity of the fundings.
The second research question was to find out the effect of the radio Programme in promoting good governance in the state. The findings shows that with the statistical responses of the respondents, the radio programme has helped to boost the operations of good governance in the state. This is because, on social development of the state, 83(55.3%) agreed and 56(37.3%) strongly agreed that the program helps to enhance people’s participation in accelerating the work of the government in the state; 65(43.3%) agreed and 71(47.3%) strongly agreed that the program helps to create awareness in the community regarding things to be done in drawing up government’s budget and lengthy planning; 58(38.7%) agreed and 63(42%) strongly agreed that the program helps to scrutinize the budget of the state government in other to ensure transparency and accountability; 59(39.3%) agreed and 70(46.7%) Strongly agreed that the program gives room for questions and answers between the government and the people of the state. The result of these findings are on the basis because since the radio programme has a relationship with the state government, so there will be a chance for the Programme to be able to promote good governance in the state so far the information concerning the state is coming from the government.
The third research question sought to find out the perception of the public towards SOBI FM Rebirth Half Hour Programme. Analysis of the data in table 4.4 revealed that majority 92(61.4%) agreed that they see the Programme as a till for propaganda, 84(56%) majority disagreed that the program brought about uproar in the state, 88(58.7%) disagreed that the program only support the government and not the people of the state. Looking at the findings, this is believed to be because not all the respondents listens to the radio programme and some of those who listened to it don’t listen often and could also be as a result of political resentments of some respondents in the state, since the programme discussion is only about the achievements and duties of a particular won political party which could lead to the lack of some public participations in the radio programme. 

CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1	Introduction
This chapter contains a summary of the findings of this study in response to the three research questions that guided it, the conclusions derived thereof and recommendations are based on an analysis of the findings of the research in chapter four. This chapter also discusses the contribution the study makes to the general field, its implications and recommendations for future research. 
5.2	Summary of Key Findings 
This study sought to establish the effect of radio programme in promoting good governance in Kwara state with a study to ‘Sobi FM, Rebirth Half Hour Programme. In line with this, three major objectives of the research were analysed: what is the relationship between Rebirth Half Hour and the government of Kwara state? what effect does the radio programme has in promoting good governance in the state? and what is the public perception about Sobi FM on Rebirth Half Hour programme? The study utilized survey and content Analysis method, 150 data was collected from residents of Kwara state while 17 contents were also analysed from Sobi FM studied programme. The data analysed revealed that there is a relationship between the radio programme and the government of the state since the government controls the level of information given to the radio station. The volume of listenership and familiarity of the respondents to the programme was able to surmount to knowing the extent at of which Sobi FM, Rebirth half hour programme is being controlled, because since the radio station doesn’t invite the radio listeners to the station during the programme for interview, this make them believe it is controlled by the government. Also, the radio programme has been able to ensure that there is good governance in the state by putting the government into account in ensuring the civil and political rights of the citizen and the state. However, some of the respondents sees the radio programme to promote propaganda contents which leads to uproar in the state but it was able to find out that it is because they are not familiar with the programme as a result of their political resentments to it, since the programme discussion is mostly on the duties and achievements of a particular political won party. 
5.3	Conclusion 
Sobi FM rebirth half hour can be concluded to be a programme that is controlled by the state government on an information basis. The information asked by the programme host are always a prepared request by the government officials invited to the programmes and most timely doesn’t require the thoughts of the publics but despite the fact that the programmes’ information is being controlled, it has been able to ensure that there is a certain level of good government in the state by putting the government officials into account so that the value of the state and right of the citizens can be ensured. 
During the study, the researchers also found out that some of the residents of the state believes that the programme is not truly performing its duty because of it level of controlled.  The programme is seen to have been promoting only good activities of the state government but this can be concluded to be because of their political resentment on the programme which made them believe the programme can cause chaos in the state. 
5.4	Recommendation 
Based on findings and discussions with relevant conclusion, the following recommendations are made to 
. The radio programme should carry the listeners and/or concerned parties along in the broadcasting activities so that they can easily make informed contribution to the programme. 
2. The activities of the government should be questioned on the level of proposed projects done and how much benefit is in it for the residents to gain from the project. 
3. Instead of only inviting the government parastatals alone into for discussions which make it look political, the radio anchor should invite the leaders of the community which the project being carried on for mostly antagonizing the words of the latter. 
1 
5.4.1	Suggestions for Further studies 
Further research can examine various areas based on the findings of this study. One of the areas is to look at Sobi FM rebirth Half Hour programme as a means of promoting politics in Kwara state. Studies should also be conducted on credibility of the programme in ensuring good governance in the state. 
The researchers further recommend that; studies should be conducted on the role of radio programmes in promoting politics in Nigeria, the effect of publics opinion in maintaining the good standards of radio programmes in Kwara state and impact of radio programme in influencing political votes in the country. 
5.5 	Limitation of the Studies 
Sobi FM is a radio station that covers over three states including Kwara but this research has only been limited to studying only the Kwara state residents and also only one local government areas were studied out of the sixteen local governments in Kwara state. it will be important that other studies should be made regarding this to study other states where the radio coverage reaches to make the research more valid. 

                      

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