TECHNICAL REPORT ON STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

UNDERTAKEN AT

TUYIL PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES
NO. 22 STADIUM ROAD, ILORIN. IT HAS BEEN MOVED TO IT PERMANENT SITE AT NEW YIDI, ILORIN
 
TUYIL PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY LIMITED YIDI ROAD, ILORIN KWARA STATE 	 
BABATUNDE HUMUANI MOPELOLA 
ND/23/SLT/PT/0559
SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY, INSTITUTE OF APPLIED SCIENCES (IAS), KWARA STATE POLYTECHNIC, ILORIN.

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN 
SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

SUPERVISOR:
MR. AREMU J.O.

AUGUST TO NOVEMBER, 2024

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION 
1.1 BACKGROUND OF SIWES
The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme was formed by the General Yakubu Gowan Administration in the year 1974. The important of the program is to enable student to be expose to the various practical aspect of their field of studies in which the theory has been taught in the various 
tertiary institution. 
1.2 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES 
SIWES helps to prepare student for the practical work they are going to meet in the labour market. It also gives initiation insight to the practical work in the world of technology and in addition, it expose student to industrial culture. 
1.3 BIOGRAPHY OF THE COMPANY 
Tuyil Pharmaceutical industry IS one of the well recognized indigenous drugs manufacturing Industry In Nigeria. It operating philosophy is that it is a trusted name in a pharmaceutical industry and as tried in their day to day activity to maintain this philosophy. Tuyil is one of the prestigious pharmacies in Nigeria which is fully proved by the National Agency for food, drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). It was registered on May 1996 with 36 workers and 4 management team as their foundation start. It was formally located at no 22 Stadium road, Ilorin. It has been moved to it permanent site at New Yidi, Ilorin. It was officially opened and commissioned by her Excellency Doctor Dora Akunyel June 2nd, 2005. The raw materials used by the Company are imported from Germany, Indian and China. 
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE COMPANY 
The company has the objective to produce drugs to be sold throughout the whole Inverse. Though different sales representative channel. 
1.5 VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS 
Tuyil Pharmacy is one of the standards pharmaceutical Industry limited in Nigeria with various departments namely as: 
a. Quality control department consist of chemical laboratory & microbiological laboratory.
b. The Maintenance Department consists of electrical and mechanical. 
c. The production Department consists of tablet section, syrup section, Blistering section, capsalatory section, drug syrup / Antibiotic section, granulator section, compression, packaging & Finish goods store. 
d. Administrative department consist of Account section, auditing section, marketing section, sale section and environmental section. 

CHAPTER TWO
2.1 ORGANIZATIONAL FLOW CHAR (ORGANO GRAM) 

Chief Executive Officer

Production pharmacies human

Maintenance Manager

Quality Control Manager

Administration Manager

Production pharmacies 

Production Manager 

Production supervisor 

Asst. Production Supervisor 

Deputy Supervisor

Head of Department

Sectional Leader

Electrical and Mechanical 

Quality Control Analyst 

Quality Control improcess 

Accountant 

Auditor 

Security 

Sales 

Marketing 

Environmental

Production Manager

Assistant Supervisor

Head of Department

Sectoral leader

2.2	PRECAUTION TAKEN IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL LABORATORY
1.	Always wear a laboratory coat when working in the laboratory.
2.	Ensure wearing of disposable glove when carrying out any test in the laboratory.
3.	Do not eat, drink or smoke whenever you are in the laboratory.
4.	Always wash your hand before and after any test.
5.	The laboratory must be well ventilated.
6.	Handle all laboratory apparatus with care.
7.	All needles and any other sharp object must be properly disposed.
8.	Every sample must be corked and well labeled for easy identification.
9.	The book of record must be kept properly.
10.	There must not be any naked wire in the laboratory.
11.	There must be a proper waste segregation in the laboratory.
12.	There must be a fire extinguisher in the laboratory.
2.3	INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICAL APPARATUS
1. Mixers and Blenders:
Function: Used to mix or blend different pharmaceutical ingredients to achieve uniformity in the composition of pharmaceutical formulations.
2. Granulators:
 Function: Convert powder blends into granules, enhancing the flow properties and compressibility of the material for tablet manufacturing.
3. Tablet Press:
 Function: Compresses granulated powder into tablets of specific sizes and shapes. It ensures uniformity in weight and dosage.
4. Capsule Filling Machine:
Function: Fills empty capsules with pharmaceutical powders or granules, providing an alternative dosage form to tablets.
5. Coating Machines:
Function: Applies a coating on tablets or granules for various purposes, such as taste masking, protecting against moisture, or improving appearance.
6. Fluid Bed Dryer:
Function: Dries granules or powder using a fluidized bed of hot air, a critical step in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals.
7. Autoclaves:
Function: Sterilizes pharmaceutical equipment and products by using high-pressure steam, ensuring that they are free from microbial contamination.
8. Distillation Units:
 Function: Purifies liquids by separating components based on differences in boiling points, commonly used for producing purified water and solvents.
9. HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) Systems:
Function: Analytical technique used for the separation and identification of components in a pharmaceutical sample. 
10. Spectrophotometers:
Function: Measures the intensity of light at different wavelengths, used in pharmaceutical laboratories for quantitative analysis and quality control. 
11. Freeze Dryers (Lyophilizers
Function: Removes water from pharmaceutical products under low temperature and pressure, preserving the product's integrity and stability.
12. Mixing Vessels and Reactors:
Function: Used for mixing and reacting different chemicals during the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds. 
13. Packaging Machines:
 Function: Automates the packaging of pharmaceutical products, ensuring proper sealing and labeling for distribution and consumption.
14. pH Meters:
Function: Measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, an essential parameter in the quality control of pharmaceutical formulations.
15. Milling Machines:
Function: Reduces particle size by grinding, milling, or pulverizing, crucial for producing fine powders or improving the dissolution rate of pharmaceutical ingredients.

CHAPTER THREE
DRUG PREPARATION
3. 1 Tablet Preparation 
Weigh the required quality of active ingredient e.g. paracetamol powder into a mixing machine and add the following exipent maize starch. Prepare a paste using maize starch, gelatine, presevative 
if necessary. Add colorants and transfer all this material into above mixer and mix for several minute from shinny. The wet granules will be transfer into fund bed drying where the granules will be dried for some time at certain temperature. After drying the granules will become dry granules and it will be remain using mixing machine. The granules will later be transferred into the mixer and band with material such magnesium sterate, talc powder. After pounding the granules will be taken to guarantine and improcess offices will be place an "Under test" label on the drums containing the granules and the dry granules will be sample for loss on drying & assay. After the approval from the acceptance the under test label will be remove and with approval label (green label) then in granules will be taken to the compressor where the granules will be compressed to tablets. It will be later transferred into finish foods store after approval. 
3.1.2 	PERCENTAGE FIABILITY 
It is used to determine the pressure on a tablet by the 
time you are covering a product. 
Pressure= stress/ strain 
E.g. Determing the % friability of paracetamol table e.g. tumol of the tablet to be 12.669g after friability the weight of the table is 12.603g. 
Solution 
12.609g = A 
12.603g = B 
12.609 - 12.603 = 0.006g.
% friability = difference in weight 
Initial weight 
= 	0.006 x 100 
= 	0.048% 
3.1.3. 	Determine the % friability of tumol tablet taking the weight of A to be 13.120g, weight of B to be 13.118g. 
Weight A _ 13.120g 
Weight B - 13.118g 
13.120 ----- 13.118g 
13.120 - 13.118 
=	0.002 
% 	Friability = 0.002 x 100 
13.120 
=	0.01520/0 
3.1.4 	HARDNESS OF TABLET 
By using hardness tester to determine the hardness of a tablet, the reading will be obtained on the hardness tester. By screwing tablet until the table breaks, then the reading will be obtained on the hardness tester, the unit is kglcm3. E.g. hardness of Paracetaol tablet is between 4 -7 kgkm3. 
3.1.4.1. Percentage weight. 
Weight deviation is use to determine how to vanes a tablet in terms of weight. 
I.e. Standard weight - lightest weight x 100 
Standard weight 
E.g. the standard weight between paracetamol by 96 is 0.603g. 
The individual weight is as follows 0.602, 0.603, 0.605, 0.606, 
0.604,0.602,0.605,0.607 and 0.603. 
% Deviation = 0.607 - 0.603 x 100 
=0.607 = 0.66%= 0.603- 0.602  =	0.17%
3.1.5 SYRUP PREPARATION 
Syrup preparation 
•	Preparation of vitamin syrup is by preparing sugar syrup using a sugar crystalline powder heated in jacketed vessel containing water. Dissolves with preservation into the jacketed vessel and stir well e.g. methlyparaben & propyl paraben. Dissolves and add the following e.g. citric acid, wax sodium benzene and add colorant. Make up to the required volume for the task e.g. 5001, 10001, 20001, and 40001. Add flavor to the above syrup and maize very well for some time. After mixing QC improcess officer will be place on under test label on the jacketed deviation. If the syrup meet in required specification the under test label will be removed and replace with approved label and will later be transferred into filling machine through press. The Q. C press will measured the required standard f volume to the filled using measuring cylinder during filling at regular intervals the volume will be checked the capping will be checked. After it has being filled and tested the product can be packed to the packaging group affesting packaging label. Packaging the product can be sent to the finished good store
3.15 Viscosity of the syrup 
Is by using viscometer to determine the thickness of the syrup. The unit is xentipors e.g. the viscosity of lunice syrup is between 160-200-etc. 
3.16 assays (means percentage purity) 
Dissolve 0.3 of the powder in a mixture oflOmls of water and 30mls of 1 M H2S04 boil under a reflux condenser for 1 hour, cool and dilute to 100ml distilled water pipette 20mls of the solution. Ass 40mls of water, 40g of water in the forms of ice, 15mls of 2ndof2M HClandO.1 feroine solution and titrate with 0.lM Ammonium serum 4-sulphatunti a yellow color is produced repeat the operation without the substance being examine, the difference between the two titration represent the amount of Ammon serum-4-serium each mils required O.1M of ammonium serium -4- sulphate is equivalent to 0.56mg of paracetamol powder. 
Observe Content = absorbance x dilution factor 
A 10/0 
	0/0 Content = 	observer content x 100 
100 
Actual amount = % content x label amount 
100 
1. Calculate the actual amount of paracetamol taken A 10/0 to be 715, dilution factor to be 250 and absorbance to be 0.450kg. Label amount to be 500mg. 
Solution 
Actual amount = % content x label amount 
100 
Observe content = 0.450 x 250 
715 
	= 	0.157 
0/0 content = 0.157 x 100 
0.5 
Actual amount = 104.89 x 500 
	100 	= 524.48mgl table 

3.2.0 FULLY WATER ANALYSIS 
Water as a universal solvent in the production of nearly all pharmaceutical products. Water used in production process must be sterilized. Water from the tap, storex tank must not be used directly for drugs production except water from the bore holes and certain analysis must be done to ensure sterilization is carried out. 
3.2.1 DETERMINATION OF SULPHATE 
Reagent 
m/300 potassium iodated I potassium iodine (KI03/KI). 
Dilute 10% v [v of H2S04 
PREPARATION OF THE REAGENT 
Dissolve 0.71g of KI03 in 200mls of water add 7g KI and 0.5 of sodium bicarbonate and dilute to liter with distilled water. 
Standardization of KI031 KI. 
Measure SOmIs of KI031KI into a conical flask, add l mmls of distilled water and mls of distilled H2S04 stir gently and titrate the liberated using starch solution as indicator which is added towards the end point factor 0.1 x 100 x 50 
PROCEDURE 
Fill a conceal flask with 250mls of water, stopper the flask immediately and cool at 250C then pipette 150mls out of the water and add 4mls of dilute H2S04 (10% v Iv) and add iodine starch solution as indicator, titrate with m/300 of KI03 1KI stir gently until a faint blue color is produce. 
Calculation 
Note: PPM-PART per million 
Sulphate = Volume of KI03 I KI x factors divided by volume of 
water sample is equal to P.P.M as Na2Co3 
3.2.2 DETERMINATION OF PERMANENT HARDNESS 
To 250mls of the test sample into a conical flask, boil for 30 minute cool and filter, the water into a 250mls volumetric flask, dilute into distilled water mix well and add 2mls of NH4CL into 6drops of mordent black II titrate with 0.02m EDTA until the color changes from wine red to pure blue with 
no reddish stain. 

3.3 MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS 
LIST OF EQUIPMENT 
Microscope, Oven, Distiller, Hot plate, Colony counter, Laminar air flow chamber,Glass bottles, slide, beakerm, glass were, conical flask, pipette, measuring cylinder, cover ship. 
MEDIA. 
Nutrient agar 
Nutrient broth 
Saburnard destose agar
Marconcance agar 
De-oxicolate nutrient agar 
Eosine methylene sine agar 
3.3.1 PREPARATION OF MEDIA 
Procedure 
Measure lag (powder) and 10mls (compound) into 90mls of sterile nutrient broth i.e. 1m 10dilution and mix properly son in the absence of nutrient broths, lactose broths can also be used. 
3.3.2 	DETERMINATION OF VIABLE MICROBIAL COUNTS IN TERMS MATERIAL. 
Using pour plate method for bacteria 
Procedure 
Pipette 1mls each of the nutrient both sample into sterile duplicate plate. Pour about 20mls of the prepared sterile nutrient Agar e.g. 45° into the duplicate plate. Move the plate in a figure - 8 shapes for even distribution and allow to solidify. Invert the plate & then inoculate for 370 for 48 hrs for bacteria and 72hrs for fry. Count the microbial growth using the colony counter and multiply by dilution factor to obtain the total count and compare with the specification where necessary. 
Determination of viable microbial in finished products. 
3.3.3 DETERMINATION OF VIABLE MICROBIAL COUNTS IN FINISHED 
PRODUCTS. 
U sing surface plate method. 
But tablet into a sterile water (10 in 90mls) Dry duplicate nutrient agar plate using the oven at a temperature of 45° for 30hrs and into then pipette 1ml for the nutrient both sample and spread evenly on the surface of the plate and incubate at 37°C for 48rs. Count the microbial growth using the colony 
counter and multiply by dilution factor to black the total count. 
3.3.4 DETECTION OF SPECIFIC PATHOGEN 
Pathogens like salmonella sps. E.Coli, Pseudomonas 
type. 
•	A brick red appearance indicate the presence of E. Coli 
•	A greenish fluorescence indicates presence of pseudomonas. 
•	A yellowish colony with yellowish surrounding indicates the presence of pseudominas. 
•	A yellowish surrounding indicates presence of salmonella thus method is known as streaking method. 
3.3.5 IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANISM BY GRAM STAINY 
The growth in the [pour plate method is fungus stained after the determining the total viable count. This is to guide in the identification of the possible contamination. 
Procedure 
•	Pick slide from the bottle using a sterile spatula. 
•	Flame the slide to dry 
•	Put a drop of sterile water on the slide. 
•	Use of a sterile wire loop and take a loop full of the broth and make a smear on the slide. 
•	Allow to dry further. 
•	Flame the slide of fix the smear 
•	Flood with genital violence solution and discard after 30 seconds. 
•	Flood with iodine solution, rinse after 30 seconds. 
•	Decolorized using alcohol (Acetone) until none of the color is visible. 
•	Rinse with water. 
•	Counter staring using safranine or carbol fuchsin. 
•	Rinse with water and allow to dry their view under 
microscope using a oil immersion lens 
RESULT 
Gram negative red -coloration 
Gram positive blue or violent coloration 

CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 CONCLUSION 
The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is of vital important and it helps to expose student to the real practical work they are expected to do especially in routine 
laboratory diagnosis, it give student the opportunity to increase their knowledge and learn the theoretical things with ease. This will help to ease the work of drug and to save live too. 
To the SIWES unit, I express my profound gratitude to you for organizing their interesting training scheme, the practice of modern machine would be impossible without the test performed by the laboratory scientist or hands because the information given to the interment pharmacies. 
4.2 RECOMMENDATIONS 
The effort of the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) was recommended for bringing up this programme known as Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES). This has paved way for self practicing of the theoretical work that have been target in the class. Student Knowledge is has been broadening as a result of this, there is some area which management has to find 
solution to which are as follow. 
The academic calendars for the school should be in accordance with the four months Industrial Training and have something to achieve at the end of the programme. Greater attention should be paid by the ITF on student Industrial Working Experience and ensure that the upcoming student carry out the SIWES in an appointed organization by the ITF. Lastly, we here by solicit that the money should be paid immediately to the student after finishing the programme.